Toron (Tibnin)

Also known as Tibnin, Tibnine, Château de Toron

Spur castle on a steep Bronze Age tell at 725 metres, built in 1106 by Hugh of Fauquembergues, Prince of Galilee, to pressure the still-Muslim port of Tyre. Originally defended by twelve rectangular towers and a massive southern donjon; seat of the Humphrey family, Lords of Toron. Fell to Saladin after Hattin in 1187; the Ayyubid sultan al-Mu'azzam secretly dismantled it in 1219 to deny it to the Fifth Crusade. Frederick II recovered it diplomatically in 1229, and it resisted a Khwarezmian attack in 1244 before Baibars razed it in 1266.

Coordinates: 33.1944°, 35.4114°

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