Doubiye Castle

Also known as Qal'at ad-Dubba, Doubiyeh

Twelfth-century watchtower (turris) on the Damascus–Tyre road near Chaqra, likely housing a single knight and his household as a physical marker of lordly authority within the Lordship of Toron. French archaeological missions in 2011–2016 showed the Frankish foundations were radically refortified by Shia lords in the seventeenth century; their additions are unusual in the Near East for including domestic fireplaces but no firearm loopholes.

Coordinates: 33.1603°, 35.4772°

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