Jaffa

Also known as Joppa, Yafa, Jaffa, Japhe, Joppe, Yafo

Jaffa was the main port of entry for pilgrims and Crusaders throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It changed hands repeatedly: Richard the Lionheart defended it personally against Saladin in 1192, famously wading ashore at the head of a small force. Frederick II rebuilt its walls in 1228, and Louis IX strengthened them again in 1252. Little of the medieval city survives above ground, but its walled citadel hill and the faubourg below it shaped the topography of modern Old Jaffa.

Coordinates: 32.0544°, 34.7519°

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