Civil War between Melisende and Baldwin III
Also known as Mother–son war
The brief but decisive struggle between Queen Melisende and her grown son Baldwin III for sole rule of the kingdom — the only time the Tower of David was besieged by its own queen's son.
After the death of Fulk in 1143 Melisende ruled the kingdom as regent for the thirteen-year-old Baldwin III. When the prince reached his majority he demanded full sovereignty, but Melisende refused to step down — she had ruled in her own name for almost a decade and the kingdom's seal was hers.
Baldwin's first attempt at a settlement was to divide the realm: he would take the north (Acre and Tyre and the wealthy coastal lordships) and his mother the south (Jerusalem and Nablus and the Judean heartland). Melisende rejected the partition. In 1152 Baldwin launched a short military campaign through the kingdom, the bulk of the great barons declaring for him, and finally besieged his mother in the Tower of David in Jerusalem.
When Melisende surrendered, the agreed settlement was restrained: she retired to her personal fief of Nablus with her dignity and her household intact, and the joint rule was over. Baldwin was sole king from 1152 until his early death in 1163, and Melisende remained an influential dowager until she died in 1161.
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